Could A Newton Revival Work?
March 16, 2004

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Yesterday a rumor came out of a survey being taken of Newton users concerning the past, and the future of the platform. The rumor says that
Stone Multimedia is surveying Newton users as to why they think the platform died off, and whether they would want to buy a new Newton were Apple to release one. Quite an interesting question that produces a lot of different answers.


Yesterday's world: What was and how it came about
For those of us who have used the Apple Newton, or are lucky enough to own one (like me for instance) we can claim with a great degree of certainty that it was, at the time it was made, the best thing since sliced bread. I own a Newton 2100. It sports a 167Mhz strongARM processor, 8 megabytes of RAM, two PCMCIA slots, a 480*320 display with backlight and your choice of AA battery power or laptop-style rechargeable battery (easily replaceable).

When it comes to software the newton was, again, way ahead of it's time. It had built-in fax and e-mail support. It had a comprehensive, expandable and customizable addressbook. With the Newton Language Kits you could write in Chinese, Japanese and Korean on a machine that you bought in the USA. The best thing about the newton though was the handwriting recognition. When it came to latin characters Rosetta (the handwriting recognition engine) was the best. It learned from the user over time so that things (like my name) could be automatically learned if they were misinterpreted and then corrected! It isn't easy writing a greek in latin characters name and having it recognized using HWR in most systems!

Other PDAs, even after the new millennium could still learn from the Newton. My iPaq 3870 for instance does not have a removable battery. I would need to send it in for service if something happened to the battery. The screen on my Newton could be both landscape and portrait. Only on linux PDAs have I seen such built in functionality, PalmOS, Windows Mobile and Symbian leave something to be desired in this area.

The newton died off in February 1998, the last models were the e-mate 300, a sublaptop of a sort, and the Newton 2100, a PDA, which by today's standards looks more like a tablet PC. Why did the Newton die off? Well that is a question with many answers. Some will say that the newton was too expensive. It cost 1000 US Dollars to buy a Newton 2100 while it cost much less to buy a palm pilot. The specs of the two machines were different and as a result the Newton was looked upon as a laptop replacement rather than what later on turned out to be the typical PDA (a minimalist agenda replacement). Some people might say it was Steve Job's fault, that he wanted to get rid of the Newton because he did not invent it and his predecessor did. Honestly if the Newton was competing with powerbook sales, then by all means get rid of it. Apple had a gazillion product lines. Once Apple streamlined their process and got out of the red and started making profit again Jobs was praised, even if the Newton was killed off.

Today's world: Where is the Newton today?
Well, the newton is in many places. There is a huge community out there. The
Newton-Talk list provides daily information and help to new and seasoned newton users. The United Network of Newton Archives provides free (and demo) software for all of your Newton needs. This is where I have gotten most of my Newton Software, and the Newton software that I did not get from here I was referred to by them. These are just a couple of the great resources available.

Newton developers still exist. Their products now have gone to shareware or freeware status and they still keep developing for the Newton. A few of the notable titles that have been developed are drivers for Bluetooth, WLAN, LAN, and GSM PCMCIA cards. With a bluetooth enabled phone and a Bluetooth card in your newton you are ready to be on the go and wireless again. There are text input options for greek and russian, something that was not available before, and there is software for russian localization of the newton, just like what the NLK (Newton Language Kit) did for asian languages. Development of sync software for MacOS X is also on the move with software such as nSync.


Today's world: Newton Limitations
Despite the best efforts of the Newton community, limitations do exist. The only GSM cards that can be used are Nokia GSM 900 datacards (Europe and Asia only) so this leaves people in the Americas stranded without GSM connectivity. Also these cards do not support GPRS or EDGE so you are left in the dust using them. The Infrared on the Newton is not compatible with the infrared standard available now given that Ir was just picking up back then and there were no established standards. As a result you need to buy and install third party applications or communications stacks to be able to communicate with PalmOS, PocketPC and Symbian devices, and these applications might not be completely up to date as to be able to exchange data with other devices.

In addition to the aforementioned limitations, the NewtonOS cannot understand more than 32MB of memory on a card so workarounds need to be devised. It is nice that you can listen to MP3s or play Nintendo NES games on your Newton, but naturally you need more memory on the storage card in order to be able to do that. Finally the screen. Some users say that they love the big screen. I agree to some degree. Having a nice big screen to work with makes things easier, however how can I easily transport this device? I cannot put it in my pockets because it is too bulky.

Today's world: Lessons learned from other PDAs
Well, quite a lessons have been learned as far as I am concerned. First of all, when the Newton demised and the Palm Pilots took over and the PDA OS war kind of started (magic cap, palmOS, windows CE, Pocket Viewer OS, original Zaurus-OS, Linux, EPOC just to name a few of the contenders), PDAs took on a minimalist functionality. Their functionality, in my opinion, was akin to my original Sharp YO 32kb organizer. To be fair, the original palm units did have graffiti (handwriting recognition) and did have the ability to jot electronic ink. The Pocket Viewer series and the original Zaurus-OS had spreadsheet and document viewers These are abilities that my YO organizer did not have, so in a sense they were a step up from an organizer. There seemed to be a backlash from consumers when it came to devices that included everything and the kitchen sink, devices such as the Newton and the Sony Magic Link. It is only recently that Compaq/HP and Sony have moved forward in creating devices that are more well rounded, that can do more than the minimalist tasks that the PalmOS did up till the time that the clie's came out. Lesson learned? There is no panacea when it comes to a device. Just like computers are customizable to be used from kids playing games to scientists rendering complex graphical models, so are PDAs completely depended on user preference.

Secondly now that phase one of the "PDA OS wars" is complete and some of the PDA OSes that I mentioned earlier have died off we can see a couple of valuable lessons learned. In order for a device to succeed it must (a) use an established operating system like PalmOS, Symbian or Windows Mobile that have a big library of applications that users can use, (b) you must use an open operating system like linux (c) or the company that is making the device, even if it is using its own proprietary OS, needs to have enough clout or compatibility with an established OS, or has to have ported a lot of applications to its OS by the time of deployment. Also it needs to have commitments from developers for future applications. Developers today will not spend time to write and painstakingly debug applications that will run on hardware that is obsolete in a year or less. One such example is the the HipTop OS for danger's hiptop. I have not seen any third party applications written from this OS and it has been a couple of years now since its inception. Lesson learned? Pick your OS wisely!

Tomorrow's world:What should a new Newton device look like?
The rumor that is going around is that apple is, through an intermediary, polling former and current Newton users to see why the newton failed and whether they would buy a new Newton if Apple were to make a new one. Whether or not this is true, we do not know. Even if it is true, just because Apple is polling individuals to gauge their interest doesn't mean that a device will be available on the market in the next few months. Since a device probably wont be available for a while here are my totally unsolicited suggestions.

Hardware:
When it comes to hardware you need to have some variety. You can have plain old PDAs and you can have smartphones. Some people could care less about cellular connectivity so plain old PDAs would be good matches for them. Personally anything less than a smartphone is unacceptable to me. No matter what your personal preference the new Apple PDA should be connectable to anything. It should sport both Infrared and Bluetooth in order to be able to connect to any other device out there. Compatibility and connectivity are paramount.

Apple should also think of the form factor! Some people work well without a real keyboard in which case you can have run-of-the-mill iPaq or Zire style handheld. Some people prefer a keyboard so give then the option by having something like the Danger Sidekick, the Nokia Communicator 9500 or the Clie UX-50. Internal memory should vary by the level of the device, but the OS needs to be upgradeable in all of the devices. The battery should be removable and replaceable easily just like the Newton 2100. Nothing is more irking than having to send in your PDA to get the battery replaced. Personally I like the form factor of the Sidekick, if they could only add a touch-screen on top of that and add a few more features it would make a great device.

If Apple does venture into the smartphone business as well they need to be careful not to fragment their market like they did with the Macintosh market in the 1990's by producing a lot of similar products. I would suggest that they make smartphones that are quadband GSM and UMTS in which case they can market the phones globally at the same time. For the CDMA crowds out there they should make a triband CDMA phone so that they could market it concurrently in all countries that run CDMA like the USA, Canada, Australia, Korea and Japan.

Finally for hardware they need to think of what is more important for them. Do they want to make a digital assistant and entertainment device? (like a clie for instance) or do they want to make something businesslike (like a communicator 9500) ? or perhaps a combination of both? Again, my totally unsolicited opinion is this: radio tuners are available built-in into conventional phones, use them! You've got quicktime, use it! You've got affiliations that gave you the iSight camera, use them to make a good mobile camera!

Software
Well, software is the section that will turn a lot of heads. Should Apple revamp the old NewtonOS or should they license another OS ? If they license another OS which one? The choice of operating system seems to me to be the most controversial one. Should they choose an operating system made by their "rival" in the desktop OS market (windows mobile)? Should they choose an OS from the established PDA OS makers (cobalt)? Should they go with an OS that has been in the mobile communications market for a long time (Symbian)? Should they choose something free (linux) or something new (HipTop OS)?

The choice of OS depends on two things, as far as I am concerned. (1) What kind of a device do you have? and (2) software, software, software! You can have the best OS and best hardware out in the market, but without extra third party software you are almost certainly dead in the water. My personal opinion would be to choose Symbian 8 as the operating system. Symbian has been time and again tested as a PDA and smartphone OS, it has a following with major phone manufacturers, it has software already built for it and thus this software can be easily ported. The other advantage of Symbian 8 is that it does both PDA and Mobile Phone functions from one processor! Most other OSes require two processors. Linux or a BSD would be another option given that Apple has already gone *NIX with its desktop platform.

Then there is the dilemma of built-in software. What to include? what not to include? Well, obviously you should have some sort of PIM functions. Apple should port the Newton's addressbook and combine features from the MacOS X addressbook. They should work on a PDA version of iCal and get ideas from the Newton calendar and incorporate functions and ideas that work well with other PIMs on other platforms (both built-in and third party). Take Rosetta and make it better. You had great success making it understand roman characters, now how about making Rosetta understand cyrillic, greek, hebrew, arabic, chinese, japanese, korean, extended roman and other alphabets? This also means that the OS needs to be fully unicode as well as the applications for the OS. In addition, make the OS localization modular like it is in MacOS X and from the get-go have it localized in as many languages as possible. A note-pad application with a voice recorder is also a no-brainer. One thing that I really liked in the old Newton was an app that linked appointments and reminders to people on your contact list and it created a "today" screen for any given day that you wanted. I think this would be a nice addition to the revamped platform.

Now what about other applications? Well, minimalists will like the aforementioned applications but people like me will look at them and cringe! For people like me Apple could bundle a CD-ROM with applications like iTunes for Newton, iMovie (VLC like application), Safari for Newton, PowerMail (IMAP,POP3,SMS, MMS, EMS, FAX client), Image Viewer application, Document viewer that supports all major formats and all text encodings (VERY important! you do not want to be reading gibberish if someone sends you a greek document!), a world-mate like application, calculator (simple, scientific and maybe financial & graphing). Now for add on hardware, if the device supports a TV tuner or a radio tuner it should have a TiVo like application to record programs for later viewing. If there is a built-in camera the application should be able to take both still photos and videos. As you can see I am an "everything and the kitchen sink" kind of user.

Then there is the syncing issue. My opinion is that from out-of-the-box it should support Windows, MacOS and Linux. The sync should be done by way of SyncML and the linux code should be GPL'ed or Apple Licensed in order to have more people develop for it. This way no matter what platform you are running you can use one of these PDAs/smartphones.

Penultimately, there is the issue of the User Interface (UI). What UI should Apple adopt? The Cobalt UI? The Windows Mobile UI ? The Symbian UIQ? Or should it stick with the classic NewtonOS UI? No matter what OS Apple chooses to use in implementing their new Newton they should rework the old Newton UI. Personally I think that it is far more superior than any mobile UI out there. Why? Well Windows Mobile is taking paradigms from Windows Desktop. What works on the desktop might not work on a PDA. Cobalt is coming out but the UI is almost the same as PalmOS 1.0, from what I've seen. It does seem to have good new things added to it but the "new" UI looks like the old UI. Symbian UIQ looks nice but when compared to the NewtonOS UI, the NewtonOS UI beats it. I am not saying that the Newton UI is without fault. GUI designers and UI gurus at Apple need to look at the current Newton UI and find ways to bring it into the 21st century and to learn from past mistakes of both the NewtonOS platform and other OS/UI platforms.

Then finally (drum roll please), there is the issue of existing applications! I know that there might not be THAT many Newton users out there but is there a possibility of porting the existing applications for the Newton to the new platform? If you cannot port them, could you make a "classic" like environment for the new Newton that will run old Newton applications? I am sure all the Newton fans will really appreciate this. Also when you make the selection of the OS, would you be able to make a VM to run the applications of that OS unaltered, assuming that you go ahead an use the Newton UI on top of another operating system like PalmOS or Symbian. This could save time and money in porting costs and users could choose from a wide base of pre-existing applications.

It costs how much?!?!
I've left the cost section for last given that his is another thing that rallies people to act all weird. Cost was a deterring factor with the old Newton, but is it going to be one with the new Newton? In the old Newton days organizers (like my Sharp YO) cost a maximum of 150 US Dollars. The Newton cost 9 times that! Ultimately most people do not compare functionality to price, they compare product A and product B in terms of price. The entry level Newton should be priced at or near to 90 US Dollars. This could be a good entry way for new users and also existing users that do not want all the bells and whistles like digital cameras, FM/TV tuners, cell phone ability and GPS. Then as features get added the price would go up. The maximum price (for an unsubsidized smartphone) should be no more than 900 US Dollars. Subsidized I would estimate the price at 500 or 600 USD. Some people may cringe what I mention these prices but if you are getting a quadband GSM + UMTS phone with a decent camera (still + video) with the ability to view multimedia and carry around some of your music collection, it's like having 4 devices in one.

A
2MP camera costs around $150, a regular quadband cellphone , unsubsidized could go for around 400, a "connected" PDA could go for about $300 or$ 500 (depending on how connected you want it to be), an MP3 music player goes for about $100. If you do that math, the max price is about 1250 USD, then add in some more costs to make all these devices into one and you have a device that would cost you around $1400, all things considered. Isn't 900USD (or 600USD subsidized) better?


Enough Day Dreaming - Back to the Present: Conclusion? All things considered, Apple will have an interesting experience should they decide to come forth into the PDA market again. They had made a marvelous product before and I am sure they can do it again. To make things more interesting than they already are, Apple managed to take an OS (NeXTSTEP) that wasn't their own and make it their own. Apple is more than capable to do the same with their new PDA platform should they choose to go that route. Even though this is a rumor, and most likely not culminate to anything of interest, it is still interesting to pay attention to what is going on and give your input because one thing has been proven by Apple. You never know...







Originally Published in:
http://www.newmobilecomputing.com/story.php?news_id=3774
Date: March 16, 2004

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